NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Science Chemistry Chapter 7 – Chemistry In Everyday Life
Here are the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Science Chemistry Chapter 7, titled “Chemistry In Everyday Life.” These solutions offer clear and straightforward explanations, making them highly favored by class 12 Science students. They prove to be invaluable for efficiently completing homework assignments and preparing for exams. Free access to all questions and answers from the NCERT Book of Class 12 Science Chemistry Chapter 7 is provided here, ensuring a helpful resource for students. Page No 448: Question 16.1: Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patients suffering from sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses without consultation with the doctor, Why? ANSWER: Most drugs when taken in doses higher than recommended may cause harmful effects and sometimes, may even lead to death. Hence, a doctor should always be consulted before taking any medicine. Page No 448: Question 16.2: With reference to which classification has the statement, ‘ranitidine is an antacid” been given? ANSWER: The given statement refers to the classification of pharmacological effects of the drug. This is because any drug that is used to counteract the effects of excess acid in the stomach is called an antacid. Page No 450: Question 16.3: Why do we require artificial sweetening agents? ANSWER: A large number of people are suffering from diseases such as diabetes and obesity. These people cannot take normal sugar i.e., sucrose as it is harmful for them. Therefore, artificial sweetening agents that do not add to the calorie intake of a person are required. Saccharin, aspartame, and alitame are a few examples of artificial sweeteners. Page No 453: Question 16.4: Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structural formulae of these compounds are given below. (i) (ii) ANSWER: (i) (ii) Page No 453: Question 16.5: Following type of nom-ionic detergents are present in liquid detergents, emulsifying agents and wetting agents. Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the molecule. Identify the functional group (s) present in the molecule. ANSWER: Functional groups present in the molecule are: (i) Ether, and (ii) primary alcoholic group Page No 454: Question 16.1: Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways? ANSWER: The classification of drugs and the reasons for classification are as follows: (i) On the basis of pharmacological effect: This classification provides doctors the whole range of drugs available for the treatment of a particular type of problem. Hence, such a classification is very useful to doctors. (ii) On the basis of drug action: This classification is based on the action of a drug on a particular biochemical process. Thus, this classification is important. (iii) On the basis of chemical structure: This classification provides the range of drugs sharing common structural features and often having similar pharmacological activity. (iv) On the basis of molecular targets: This classification provides medicinal chemists the drugs having the same mechanism of action on targets. Hence, it is the most useful to medicinal chemists. Page No 454: Question 16.2: Explain the term target molecules or drug targets as used in medicinal chemistry. ANSWER: In medicinal chemistry, drug targets refer to the key molecules involved in certain metabolic pathways that result in specific diseases. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are examples of drug targets. Drugs are chemical agents designed to inhibit these target molecules by binding with the active sites of the key molecules. Page No 454: Question 16.3: Name the macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets. ANSWER: The macromolecules chosen as drug targets are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Page No 454: Question 16.4: Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors? ANSWER: A medicine can bind to more than one receptor site. Thus, a medicine may be toxic for some receptor sites. Further, in most cases, medicines cause harmful effects when taken in higher doses than recommended. As a result, medicines may be poisonous in such cases. Hence, medicines should not be taken without consulting doctors. Page No 454: Question 16.5: Define the term chemotherapy. ANSWER: The use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy. For example: the use of chemicals in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. Page No 454: Question 16.6: Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes? ANSWER: Either of the following forces can be involved in holding drugs to the active sites of enzymes. (i) Ionic bonding (ii) Hydrogen bonding (iii) Dipole − dipole interaction (iv) van der Waals force Page No 454: Question 16.7: While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other? ANSWER: Specific drugs affect particular receptors. Antacids and anti-allergic drugs work on different receptors. This is the reason why antacids and anti-allergic drugs do not interfere with each other’s functions, but interfere with the functions of histamines. Page No 454: Question 16.8: Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What types of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs. ANSWER: Anti-depressant drugs are needed to counteract the effect of depression. These drugs inhibit enzymes catalysing the degradation of the neurotransmitter, noradrenaline. As a result, the important neurotransmitter is slowly metabolised and then it can activate its receptor for longer periods of time. Two anti-depressant drugs are: (i) Iproniazid (ii) Phenelzine Page No 454: Question 16.9: What is meant by the term ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’? Explain. ANSWER: Antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are known as broad spectrum antibiotics. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It can be used for the treatment of typhoid, dysentery, acute fever, pneumonia, meningitis, and certain forms of urinary infections. Two other broad spectrum antibiotics are vancomycin and ofloxacin. Ampicillin and amoxicillin −synthetically modified from penicillin − are also broad spectrum antibiotics. Page No 454: Question 16.10: How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each. ANSWER: Antiseptics and disinfectants are effective against micro-organisms. However, antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers, and diseased skin surfaces, …
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